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覆盖处理对猪粪秸秆堆肥中氮素转化和堆肥质量的影响 总被引:8,自引:3,他引:5
为了探讨覆盖措施对堆肥化中氮素转化与堆肥质量的影响,在自制的强制通风静态堆肥箱中,模拟研究了覆盖腐熟堆肥后,下层猪粪秸秆堆肥及覆盖层中氮素形态和其他腐熟度指标的变化.结果表明:覆盖处理降低了下层堆肥中的含水率、种子发芽指数(GI值)、升温期和高温期的pH值,增大了降温期后的堆肥电导率EC值,而对堆温影响不大.覆盖处理未改变堆制初期下层堆肥中氨气的释放总量,只延缓了氨气的释放时间,但明显增加了降温期后堆肥中硝态氮和有机氮的含量.在堆制期间,覆盖处理的下层堆肥中硝态氮、有机氮、总氮和总磷含量的增幅分别比对照高66.7%、33.8%、32.7%和138.6%;而有机碳降解率、铵态氮和腐殖质含量的降幅则分别比对照低1.1%、8.0%和3.7%.覆盖层中pH值、铵态氮和硝态氮含量的变化说明腐熟堆肥能够吸收下层堆肥释放的氨气并进行硝化作用;覆盖层的腐熟堆肥总体上进行了矿化作用,从而影响了下层堆肥的氮素转化过程及质量. 相似文献
3.
Effect of C/N ratio, aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gaseous emission (N2O, CH4 and NH3) from composting can be an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollution. A laboratory scale orthogonal experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system. The results showed that about 23.9% to 45.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) was lost in the form of CO2 and 0.8% to 7.5% of TOC emitted as CH4. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH3, which account for 9.6% to 32.4% of initial nitrogen. N2O was also an important way of nitrogen losses and 1.5% to 7.3% of initial total nitrogen was lost as it. Statistic analysis showed that the aeration rate is the most important factor which could affect the NH3 (p = 0.0189), CH4 (p = 0.0113) and N2O (p = 0.0493) emissions significantly. Higher aeration rates reduce the CH4 emission but increase the NH3 and N2O losses. C/N ratio could affect the NH3 (p = 0.0442) and CH4 (p = 0.0246) emissions significantly, but not the N2O. Lower C/N ratio caused higher NH3 and CH4 emissions. The initial moisture content can not influence the gaseous emission significantly. Most treatments were matured after 37 days, except a trial with high moisture content and a low C/N ratio. 相似文献
4.
不同温度下微生物和纤维素酶对发酵猪粪理化特性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用恒温发酵培养试验,研究了5℃和25℃时分别接种纤维素酶(X)、枯草芽孢杆菌(K)和EM菌(E)及其组合对新鲜猪粪发酵中的全氮、铵态氮、有机质、p H及微生物数量的影响.结果表明,5℃条件下,猪粪中微生物生长受抑制,细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均明显低于25℃,发酵终期猪粪有机质含量为70%~83%,p H值为7.16~7.36;25℃条件时,发酵终期猪粪有机质含量降至61%~72%,p H值升至8.09~8.94.与对照相比较,25℃下添加微生物和纤维素酶的处理有机质含量降低了2.95%~7.70%(除了K和XE处理),C/N值降低了4.04%~37.59%(除了XK处理),p H值增加了1.7%~26.8%.在总的添加量一致的条件下,发酵剂组合KE、XE、XK、XKE对猪粪发酵的效果优于单一发酵剂的X、K、E处理. 相似文献
5.
微生物生理群在猪粪秸秆高温堆肥碳氮转化中的作用 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
在自制的强制通风静态堆肥反应箱中,猪粪与秸秆以鲜重7∶1的比例进行了堆肥化实验,在堆制的23 d里根据堆温变化分阶段采集堆肥样品,利用MPN法测定了堆料中纤维素分解菌和氮素微生物生理群的数量变化,同时测定了相应的碳、氮含量。结果表明,纤维素分解菌在稳定腐熟阶段较多,对于后期有机碳的降解和腐殖质含量的增大起了很大的作用,在堆制的23 d里,腐殖质增加了2.4%。整个堆制过程中,氨化细菌的数量最大且与氨气释放浓度和铵态氮含量呈显著正相关,都在高温期增加,降温期后减少,氨化细菌的数量在高温期的增加率远高于降温期后的减少率,而铵态氮在高温期的增加率远低于在降温后期的减少率,铵态氮总体上减少了74.1%;亚硝化细菌数量与硝态氮呈正相关;反硝化细菌数量在降温期上升幅度较大,堆制结束时为堆制初期的13倍,且与堆肥中硝态氮含量呈正相关;硝态氮含量增加了87.5%;堆肥后期硝态氮的增加可能与堆肥中存在能进行硝化作用的反硝化细菌有关。固氮菌数量在堆制结束时达堆制初期的2.61倍,主要在降温期增加较多,对堆肥中有机氮的形成起很大作用。 相似文献
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7.
麦秆酸预处理后与猪粪混合发酵提高产气量的效应研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了研究不同水平的酸处理对麦秆混合发酵过程中各指标变化的影响,本试验通过测定不同醋酸浓度、时间处理后的麦秆与猪粪混合厌氧发酵进程中还原糖、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量,以及p H值变化和甲烷产量,探究各指标的关系并优化得出最佳醋酸处理组合,以期为酸预处理混合发酵实现高甲烷产量提供可靠的理论依据.结果表明,醋酸处理后的麦秆通过与猪粪混合发酵可明显提高甲烷单位产量,增幅为124.28%~207.40%.发酵过程中还原糖、VFA、p H值间相互影响.通过响应面法建立模型,得到醋酸处理的最优组合为浓度3.35%、时间6.75d,最大甲烷单位产量751.97 m L·g-1(以VS计). 相似文献
8.
建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定磷生铁中3种元素Mn、P、Si的定量分析方法.通过试验选择257.610nm、185.942nm、212.412nm分别作为Mn、P、Si的分析谱线,无需进行光谱干扰校正.实验结果表明,各元素分析谱线线性相关系数大于0.9990.方法用于高磷铸铁标准物质分析,测定值与认定值相符,测定结果的相对标准偏差在0.21% (Mn) ~1.8% (P)范围. 相似文献
9.
Dragan R. Milićević Verica B. Jurić Srđan M. Stefanović Slavica M. Vesković-Moračanin Saša D. Janković 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):781-787
This study was undertaken to compare two different analytical methods for the determination and confirmation of ochratoxin A (OTA) in blood serum, kidney and liver of pigs. Sample clean-up was based on liquid-liquid phase extraction. The detection of OTA was accomplished with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined either with fluorescence detection (FL) or electro spray ionization (ESI+) tandem mass spectrometry (MS–MS). Comparative method evaluation was based on the investigation of 90 samples of blood serum, kidney and liver per animal originating from different regions of Serbia. The analytical results are discussed in view of the respective method validation data and the corresponding experimental protocols. In general, analytical data obtained with (LC–MS–MS) liquid chromatography electro spray tandem mass spectro metry detection offered comparable good results at the sub-ppb concentration level. The results indicate that the liquid chromatography electro spray tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was more specific and sensitive for the analysis and confirmation of ochratoxin A in pig tissues then high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method after methylation of OTA. 相似文献
10.
Rosario Perez Espejo 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2006,8(3):391-411
The objective of this article is to address the environmental costs of pig farms in the La Piedad region Mexico, through an
analysis of the standard on wastewater discharges to national water bodies. Field work was carried out from April to September
1999; a survey was conducted on 23 farms and samples of wastewater were taken on 11 farms. Pig production is the third most
important system in Mexican livestock production. Heterogeneity in production systems, dependence on imported inputs (genetics
and feed grains), and weak internalization of environmental costs are the main characteristics of pig production in Mexico.
With no specific environmental regulations on intensive livestock activities at the municipal or state levels, Mexican Official
Standard 001 on wastewater discharges is the only environmental obligation that pig farms must meet. Standard 001 on wastewater
contains the maximum permissible limits for 20 contaminant parameters, and is based on a cost-benefit analysis that points
to secondary treatment for the regulation’s economic viability. Investment in treatment systems and the fees that pig producers
must pay when they fail to comply with the limits stipulated in the regulation, are estimated assessed as an approach to environmental
costs. In order to remain within the limits in the standard, pig farms must invest in tertiary treatment, and that makes meeting
the standard unaffordable for this sector. 相似文献